Effect of COVID-19 during pregnancy: Studying the maternal and neonatal outcomes and assessing the placental changes related to SARS-CoV-2 (preprint)

Abstract: Background: Pregnant females affected with COVID-19 are reported to have poorer disease outcomes as compared to non-pregnant females of a similar age group. COVID-19 may lead to adverse changes in the placenta, which needs to be studied. Methods: This is a case series of 63 pregnant women hospitalized with COVID-19 from May 2020 to February 2021.The primary outcomes were maternal death or complications. Results: 63 women were studied. 83.3% of women were in the age group of 26 to 35 years. 33% women had associated comorbidities. 68.3% of women tested positive in their third trimester, 15.9% and 11% tested positive in their second and first trimesters respectively. 73% women had mild disease and 27% women required oxygen support. 3/63 women died. One woman in the second and two women in the third trimester died respectively. Histopathological examination in 13 placentae (of 19 placentae examined) were suggestive of maternal and fetal malperfusion. Conclusion: Pregnant COVID-19 women may develop disease-related as well as obstetric complications.

A Comparative COVID 19 Characterizations and Clinical Course Analysis between ICU and Non ICU Settings (preprint)

Objective: With COVID-19 pandemic severely affecting India and Ahmedabad city being one accounting for half COVID cases, objective was to determine disease course and severity of in patients at a COVID care hospital. Design: A Clinical trial registry of India registered observational study (CTRI/2020/05/025247). Setting: Certified COVID hospital located in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Participants: 549 COVID positive patients hospitalized between 15 th May to 10 th August, 2020 and treated in ICU and non ICU settings. Main Outcome Measure: Comparative analysis of demographic, clinical characteristics, investigations, treatment, complications and outcome of COVID patients in ICU and non ICU settings. Results: Of the 549 hospitalized COVID positive patients, 159 were admitted in ICU during disease course while 390 had ward admissions. Overall median age was 52 (1-86) years. The ICU group was older (>65years), with associated comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes (p<0.001); higher proportion of males (79.25%); with dyspnea as a major clinical characteristic and consolidation in lungs as a major radiological finding as compared to ward patients. C - reactive protein, D-Dimer and Ferritin were higher in ICU patients. Overall 50% females depicted elevated Ferritin levels. Steriods(92.45%)and tocilizumab (69.18%) were more frequently used for ICU patients . Remdesivir was prescribed to both ICU and non ICU patients. Favirapir was also a line of treatment for 25% of ICU patients. Convalescent plasma therapy was given to 7 ICU patients. Complications like acute kidney injury (13.84%), shock (10.69 %), sepsis and encephalopathy were observed in ICU patients. Overall mortality rate was 5.47 % with higher mortality among males in comparison to females (p<0.0001). Conclusion: About 29% of overall patients required ICU admission that was commonly elderly males. Chances of ICU admission were higher with baselines comorbidities (1.5 times) and dyspnea (3.4 times) respectively. A multi-specialty COVID care team and updated treatment protocols improves outcomes.